Bangladesh: A remarkable species, deeply intertwined with the heritage and history of Chattogram, Bangladesh, is the Bostami turtle (Nilssonia nigricans). This rare and endangered species has made its home in the sacred pond of the Bayazid Bostami Shrine, a revered site dedicated to the Sufi saint Bayazid Bostami (RA). For centuries, these turtles have flourished in this spiritual sanctuary, becoming not only a vital part of the region’s biodiversity but also a cultural and historical emblem for the people of Chattogram.
The Bostami turtle is globally recognized as one of the rarest and most endangered species. While it was once believed to be exclusive to the pond at the Bayazid Bostami shrine, recent research reveals a broader distribution. The species has been spotted in various water bodies across Bangladesh, including Bandarban, Feni, Sylhet, and Thakurgaon. Additionally, it has been documented in nine locations in India, Myanmar’s Arakan region, and even Nepal.
Compared to its counterparts in other areas, the Bostami turtles in Chittagong are notably larger, with lengths ranging from 90 centimeters to a meter. In 2003, a census recorded 700 turtles in the shrine’s pond. However, the population has been steadily declining, with around 50 turtles dying annually due to various factors. Remarkably, some of these turtles are estimated to be between 200 and 250 years old.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
The Bostami turtle’s breeding season spans from January to May. During this period, the females lay 12 to 38 eggs in a single clutch. These eggs, buried in soft soil along the pond’s edge, take approximately 93 to 108 days to hatch.
These turtles are carnivorous reptiles, playing a vital ecological role by consuming harmful waste and insects, which helps maintain the cleanliness of the pond. They also eat diseased or dead turtles, contributing to the health of the pond’s ecosystem.
Conservation Efforts and Challenges
The population of Bostami turtles faces several threats, including habitat destruction, disturbances from tourists, construction around the pond, illegal poaching, and hunting. Various organizations have stepped up to address these challenges, with the Creative Conservation Alliance (CCA) being a key player in the conservation efforts.
Since 2019, the CCA has implemented a pilot project for artificial breeding, resulting in the successful hatching of 311 turtle hatchlings from 1,155 eggs. The eggs are collected during the peak breeding season (June-July) and preserved through specialized techniques. After hatching, the young turtles are observed for six months before being released back into the pond.
Ecological and Cultural Importance
The Bostami turtle is a vital part of Chittagong’s biodiversity. Beyond its ecological significance, it holds immense cultural value for the local community, which has historically shown deep care and affection for these turtles.
The preservation of the Bostami turtle can also boost eco-tourism, offering economic benefits to local communities. By integrating conservation with tourism, locals can find sustainable ways to enhance their livelihoods while protecting this unique species.
Raising Awareness and Future Plans
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Bangladesh is home to 25 species of turtles, including 20 freshwater and hilly species and five marine species. This makes Bangladesh the 13th richest country in terms of turtle diversity.
The conservation of the Bostami turtle serves as a symbol for broader biodiversity preservation efforts. It emphasizes the importance of protecting endangered species and their habitats. Collaborative action involving government agencies, conservation organizations, and local communities is crucial for the species’ survival.
The Bostami turtle is more than just a species; it is a unique part of Chittagong’s natural and cultural heritage. Preserving it is vital not only for ecological reasons but also for cultural and economic benefits. Awareness, effective conservation strategies, and active community participation are essential to safeguarding this globally rare species for future generations. Through these efforts, the Bostami turtle can continue to thrive, symbolizing the harmonious coexistence of nature and culture in Bangladesh.
